Intelligence

The ability to learn from experiences, solve problems, ad use knowledge to adapt to new situations

History

Charles Spearman (1863-1945) believed we have one general intelligence (often shortened to g)

That this is the heart of all our intelligent behavior, from navigating the sea to excelling in school
He granted that people often have special, outstanding abilities
But he noted that those who score high in one area such as verbal intelligence, typically score higher than acreage in other areas, such as spatial or reasoning ability

Crystallized:
- Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
- Cooking, working with computers, and writing
Fluid intelligence
- Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age; especially during late adulthood
- Yoyoing, specific programming language, video games, and escape rooms

Howard Gardner has identified eight relatively independent intelligence’s, including the verbal and mathematical aptitudes assessed by standardized tests
Musical, Body Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Verbal Linguistic, Logical Mathematical, Naturalistic, Intrapersonal, and visual/spacial
Thus, the computer programmer, the poet the street-smart adolescent, and the basketball team’s play-making point guard exhibit different kinds of intelligence
Gardner has also proposed a ninth possible intelligence-existential intelligence-the ability “to ponder large questions about life”

A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental inability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

Low extreme
- Intellectual Disability: A condition of limited mental ability
- Mental Age: A measure of intelligence test performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age
- Thus a child who does well as an average 8 year old is said to have the mental age of an 8 year old
High extreme
- Gifted and Talented